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A method to improve the gain of axial-mode helical antenna is proposed. This method involves a parasitical circular metal disk,which is installed on the front of general axial-mode helical antenna and is apart from the helical line. A circular current whose phase lags behind that of helical line current appears,which brings a more concentrated radiation field. Consequently,the antenna gain is improved, Based on the simulation results,an antenna array model fed independently is proposed.This model gives an excellent explanation of the radiation characteristic of helical antenna, Both the simulation and experiment results show that for obtaining the same gain,the antenna length in this new method is only 71% of that in traditional helical antenna.The reduction of antenna length favors the miniaturisation of antenna. In addition, this method has a little effect on the bandwidth of antenna, so it can be widely used in the design of helical antenna element and array.

Because this site is not completed in real operation, it is recommended to replace the current Theme2(Default) with Default, as you can see in the picture below... Default theme it looks like this...

There are two types of antennas, RHCP, and the LHCP. Don’t be overwhelmed, it’s easy, we’ve outlined the basics below. RHCP antennas are known in full as Right Hand Circular Polarized antennas. LHCP antennas are known in full as Left Hand Circular Polarized antennas. Sometimes, they are both known simply as Circular Polarized (CP) antennas. Due to its polarized nature, this type of antenna will reduce any radio interference by a process known as multipathing. This blocks out unwanted radio signals and can give a much cleaner signal. For which below I was looking to do a simulation of the antenna after the Iulian Rosu site ... ??? https://qsl.net/va3iul/Antenna/Printed_and_Microstrip_Antennas/Design_Ideas_for_Printed_and_Microstrip_Antennas.htm

I followed this forum and tried to do a simulation for this frequency (L-band 1500-1700 MHz)....for last mystery of maritime communication-satellite Inmarsat!!! https://www.radioscanner.ru/forum/topic50990-11.html

Antenna 20-Series NOBICOM high – tech product, designed to work in the toughest conditions. The antenna works most effectively in buildings of low and medium density, which reduced the effect of multiple reflections of the signal. In such conditions, the MIMO technology does not give the desired effect, and the cost of the two polar antenna is not justified. The package includes a fixing rotary device for mounting on bracket or mast. operating frequency range, MHz - 1900-2700 Gain, dBi 17-20 days Width in H-plane, degrees - 13-15 days Width in E-plane, deg - 13-15 sidelobe not more than-12dB Isolation between ports, not less than - 35dB Input impedance, Ohm 50 VSWR in operating frequency range, no more - 1,5 Permissible power W - 50 Polarization vertical/horizontal Weight, the kg - 3.2 Mount - mast/bracket diameter 20-52mm dimensions, cm - 45х45х6 Allowable wind speed, km/h - 20 Connectors antenna SMA-female x 2 Connectors adapters (included) - N-male - CRC9 or N-male - TS9 Material protective cover - ABS plastic with UV protection antenna Material - galvanized steel fastener Material - steel screen Material - steel Protective coating - polymer powder paint Length of USB cable, m - 10

PETRA BB MIMO 2x2 UniBox is an antenna combined with a large sealed box (UniBox) which you can put any 3G/4G modem and even router. The antenna is provided with connectors - SMA-male. Included are two adapters to connect 3G/4G modems (the type of adapters to choose). The connection of modem to PC or router located in the room is via a USB extension cable. System UniBox - protects the modem from adverse weather conditions! Advantages: Universal antenna with excellent gain and operating in all high-speed standards Reliable fastening of the modem in the box Quality connectors for connection of modem and antenna Quality adapters with minimal losses Hermetically sealed Hardy and ultrafiol case material The possibility of repeated Assembly and disassembly of the box All set to launch the modem

The ENH202 2.4GHz Outdoor Wireless Ethernet Bridge delivers high-performance 11n wireless speeds to 300 Mbps on the 2.4 GHz band, supporting short and long-range, PtP applications such as digital signage displays for schools, retail and hospitality, or outdoor POS systems. It is ideal for deployment in rural locations where 2.4 GHz is not as prevalent. High 29 dBm Transmit Power Extends Wireless Coverage Outdoors Focused 10 dBi Directional Antenna Beam for Long-Range Connections Industrial-Grade, IP65-Rated Housing Withstands Harsh Environments PoE-Compatible 10/100 Port & Second 10/100 Port for Connecting an IP Camera or AP

The cross antenna is a medium gain and circular polarization structure made of a conductor or a strip line over the ground plane following a cross contour of four or more branches.The construction repeatability is verry easy as well the facility to obtain 14dBi gain in a small antenna.

Featured outdoor antenna products which enhance your reception of 4G signal from the tower to your location. All antennas featured are easy to install and it is with the connectors required to connect to your existing modem.

A horn antenna is one of the most commonly used antenna types for a focused antenna. However, the horn antenna is limited by its dimensions, which must have a certain size relative to the wavelength in order to work properly and efficiently. Since this will typically be too large to fit into the flange, a dielectric lens antenna with reduced dimensions is developed. The lens has the spherical form which is able to enhance the gain by making use of guided surface waves. The antenna is fed by a circular waveguide and at the boundary of the dielectric half space. A stepped impedance transformer has been introduced in order to provide broadband input matching impedance. Dielectric rod antennas refer to traveling wave antennas with a slow phase velocity (vf< s). They are used at the border of the centimeter and decimeter wave ranges in the frequency band from 2 to 10 GHz. Dielectric lenses are made of materials with high dielectric constants, such as polystyrene, polyethylene, and plexiglass. They can be integrated with various types of feeds, such as horn antennas, microstrip antennas, and waveguide antennas.

Two long arms are connected in the shape of V to make a V-antenna. The two long arms are excited with 180˚ out of phase. As the length of these arms increases, the gain and directivity also increases. The following figure shows a V-antenna with the transmission line impedance z=200 Ohm and the lengh of the arm 0,8*lambda, making an angle Φm with the axis, which is called as apex angle.material-FR4 #1.5mm. The main advantage of a V-shaped antenna is its relatively small vertical radiation angle, which is especially important for establishing long-distance communications.

The antenna is made of aluminum. traverse square tube with a side of 15mm, the 3xDirector and the dipole - rod diameter 5mm, cable reduction inside of the lower beam and the braid is attached to the lower dipole arm. The three elements directors, must be isolated from the support beams who are made of tubular aluminum rectangular(15x15x1mm)

The modems have LTE parameters LTE connection. To determine the quality of the signal, note the following fields: — Signal strength — RSRP — RSRQ — SINR — CQI The following table shows the different values of these parameters, which correspond to very poor (Cell Edge), bad (Mid Cell), good (good) and very good (Excellent) the signal quality of the LTE: Next, briefly explain each parameter, which determines the quality of the LTE signal. The power of the signal The signal power shows the level of the received modem signal LTE. These values correspond to the readings of RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) of the LTE connection. The value is measured in dBm (dBm). Usually routers have indicators if it means burning the maximum -90 dBm or higher (tends to zero). If any indicator is not lit, then the signal level is insufficient for the connection to the LTE network. When the values of RSRP= -120 dBm and below, the LTE connection may be unstable or not installed. RSRP RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) is the average value of the power taken by the pilot signal (Reference Signal) or the level of the received signal from the Base Station(BS) The RSRP value is measured in dBm (dBm). The signal strength of the LTE modem can also be defined using the SIGNAL STRENGTH indicators on the top panel of the device. The maximum level correspond to three burning indicator. If any indicator is not lit, then the signal level is insufficient for the connection to the LTE network. When the values of RSRP= -120 dBm and below, the LTE connection may be unstable or not installed. RSRQ RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality) determines the quality of received pilot signals. The value of RSRQ is measured in dB (dB). SINR SINR (Signal to Interference + Noise Ratio), also known as CINR (Carrier to Interference + Noise Ratio) – the ratio of the level of useful signal to noise level (or signal/noise). The value of SINR is measured in dB (dB). It's simple: the higher the value, the better the signal quality. When the values of SINR below 0, the connection speed will be very low, because this means that the received signal noise more than the useful part, while the probability of loss of the LTE connection also exists. CQI CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) For each subscriber station UE (User Equipment) and each frequency carrier block formed quality indicators channel CQI (Channel Quality Indicator). Depending on the required for UE speed data transmission the base station, the decision on the number of resource blocks allocated to a particular user, and what frequency blocks to allocate to the user depends on the indicator CQI. Users are allocated to those resource blocks that have the highest CQI, and therefore, the best ratio signal/noise. This parameter can take values from 0 to 15. The higher the value, the better (the higher the speed that can be allocated by the base station operator LTE). The most important first column — the value of RSRP. For example, we got to the target BS, the average is about -90 dBi. When determining the direction on the BS used a Yagi antenna with gain (KU) 12 dBi. Antenna cable, length 5 m "eats" on the attenuation of about 1.5 dBi, add about the same number of losses at the connectors — a total of 3 dBi. Accordingly, the default level of the signal at this location: -90 - 12 + 2x1. 5 = -99 dBi. As a result of the installation of the new antenna, we need guaranteed to get at least the second row of the table, in the interval from -90 to -80. Ideally, more than -80, the first line. If we keep the same cable, you need a antenna with KU at least 18dBi, better 20dBi (don't forget about the weather and the natural "swimming" signal). The output will be if not the first row, then close to it: -99 + 20 — 2x1. 5 = -82 dBi. The result can be considered very good: provided that the indicators RSRQ and RSRP SINR vary in proportion to (and usually do), we "pull out" of the connectome at least 80% of what he can give. Assume that the maximum supported rate on the BS 30 Mbit/s. Received 30 * 0,8 = 24 Mbps. We are interested in two parameters: RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) level of the received modem signal. This is the main "honest" indicator of the level. Is measured on a logarithmic scale in dBm. Other parameters from tables such as RSCP, RSRQ, RSRP, CQI — are service. They usually correlate with RSSI, so they shouldn't be ignored. The second, not less important parameter, especially in dense areas – the ratio signal/noise. Denoted for 3G: ECIO (Ec/Io) or Ec/No; 4G: SINR (Signal to Interference / Noise Ratio) or CINR (Carrier to Interference / Noise Ratio). Is measured on a logarithmic scale in dB. Ec/Io is a measure of signal/noise, but very tricky. Compared to conventional SINR indicator (which is used in LTE) of Ec/Io deducted natural noise. Indicator Ec/Io = 0 dB is the level when in addition to natural thermal noise nothing. Any interference of artificial origin reduce Ec/Io. (from their own neighboring BS in the first place, this effect operators is called "cell respiration" - on the border between the cells preventing the signal level from another cell of the same operator becomes significant, and in spite of a strong total signal prevent set high speed) As Ec/Io, Eb/No, SINR, and so this is all adaptive indicators. Because the link can't work with poor Ec/Io (Eb/No), then the weak signal to improve Ec/Io of BS and the subscriber agree to lower the bandwidth: used less than RB (resource blocks) and a lower modulation scheme (QAM64 - QAM16 - QAM8 - QPSK - BPSK) Therefore, by itself, the Ec/Io does not show good signal or bad (in pulsometro this figure is NOT used). It shows the contribution of artificial noise (reflection, alien sector, industrial noise) Need to watch it paired with RSCP. RCSP of these 3 the most objective indicator is the amount of energy per 1 resource block (in LTE) or channel (in 3G) is the Received Signal Code Power (RSCP). RSCP that is used to parcometre. Also it is based on the RSCP telephone/modem decides which of the cells to connect.

,,,,,the user Ismail ask me...." Could you count the antenna of the threads http://www.lan23.ru/forum/showthread.php?t=12338------------ 2100 MHz 75 Ohm F connector under variant MIMO . For satellite dish 60 cm (short throw) with an angle of 70°..." ,,,,good, i'm trying to help him, with what I can .... !!! ,,,but let me try out an option with an extra directory first...

Try to bring them onto the same axis of symmetry...

BatWing.pdf

,,,I don't know why (maybe some bad-people) but my TOPIC with the Batwing antennas from about a month ago disappeared...!!! This means that either the link contains an error or the TOPIC has been deleted. I found a site that contains almost all my work with THIS antennas on my site.... https://mungfali.com/post/457F60B0FEC7269D6E56E536F7231BF8BABC8490 ,,,and I think I'll resume my simulations with all the Batwing antennas here...!!!! ,I also ask all users of this forum to contribute to the re-establishment of the post with Batwing antennas...!!! With thanks...!!!!

,,,an older of My BatWing antenna simulation and geometry...

,,,another recovery after my website disappeared with Batwing antennas... https://mungfali.com/post/342A63F41CEBC2976EE4F309272DE4DBA221A7B4/AD2D7AB60606BAFC9913909FD501592B2182FE42

,,,an older idea of mine that was materialized but I can't find the images of this antenna anymore...

CST Studio Suite 2026 Electromagnetic Simulation Software Sharing https://www.mr-wu.cn/cst-studio-suite-2026-free-download/#google_vignette

Antennas are essential wherever wireless communication required. They are the indispensable link between the contained signal and the “ether”. CST provides a variety of tools for each stage of the antenna design flow to study and improve your design. Antennas are used in a vast variety of applications, and thus take come in a vast variety of form factors and radiation mechanisms. The range of simulation methods in CST MWS allows the engineer to choose the best technique for each application. The transient solver could be best for wideband or planar antennas, the frequency domain solver may be more suitable for electrically small antennas, while the integral equation solver can efficiently simulate electrically large or wire antennas. Antennas never operate in isolation, but are attached to a feed network. CST DESIGN STUDIO™ (CST DS) allows the hybrid co-simulation of the effect of an attached circuit on the antenna performance. Installation of an antenna in a device or on a platform makes its analysis even more complex. The System Assembly and Modelling framework in CST DS allows the user to set up coupled simulations which can combine different solvers automatically by making use of field sources. Finally, powerful automated post-processing allows you to extract every magnitude of interest for an antenna designer – nearfield plots, SAR, phase center, directivity or farfield gain for single antennas or arrays - and to process those data further for use in parameter sweeps or optimizations in order to improve the performance of your design. Few pictures started...

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